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Removal of trace substances from industrial wastewater by means of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)

Introduction

Trace substances such as those used as active ingredient in pharmaceutical products, which are difficult to break down using biological means, are increasingly being found in wastewater. The application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is a potential method of pre-treating wastewater concentrates, with the objective of converting toxic materials into non-toxic ones and substances that are difficult to break down into biologically recyclable ones. The oxidation reaction with hydroxyl (OH) radicals us d to achieve this is normally effective very quickly. This paper explores the formation of OH radicals and the removal of trace substances by means of ozone, UV/H2O2 and the Fento and photo-Fenton reaction in more detail and outlines some examples of application in practice.

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Wastewater treatment in the dairy processing industry - recovering energy using anaerobic technology

Introduction

The composition of wastewater from dairy processing plants makes it highly suitable for biological wastewater treatment processing. As well anaerobic biological treatment of the wastewater there is also the option of applying anaerobic biological processes. By applying anaerobic technology a large part of the organic load in the wastewater can be removed and converted into energy-rich biogas. In addition, the anaerobic technology can be used in dairies to produce biogas from waste whey. The biogas which is generated can be used to produce electrical and/or thermal energy.

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Chemical-physical Water Treatment, Filtration and Flocculation

Introduction

In water treatment plants chemical-physical processes play an essential part in the process chain. They are successfully employed in the pre- and post-treatment of waters of different origins, as well as of other process liquids. In this regard the removal of particles by filtration is a central step. Classical filtration processes are used for particles ranging from 1 μm to 100 μm, i.e. bacteria, yeast cells, sand. Smaller particles are separated by membrane processes, whereas larger ones are removed by screening, sedimentation or flotation.

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